A simple statement of untruth in words is called a lie. If a lie is perpetrated not merely by words but by methodic action it is called a fraud. It the action consists in creating a false object and putting it forward as a true object, we call it a forgery….A lie, a fraud, a forgery always imply conscious and deliberate action with the purpose to deceive.

A simple statement of untruth in words is called a lie. If a lie is perpetrated not merely by words but by methodic action it is called a fraud. It the action consists in creating a false object and putting it forward as a true object, we call it a forgery….A lie, a fraud, a forgery always imply conscious and deliberate action with the purpose to deceive.

– J. Assmuth and Ernest R. Hull –

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